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With the Pacific Ocean to the west, the majestic ancient redwoods to the east, and rivers filled with salmon, the home of the Tolowa Tribe is truly one of the most beautiful places on earth. The citizens of are a nation of Dee-ni’, or people, known as the Tolowa Dee-ni’. Originally speaking an Athabaskan language, the Tolowa lived off the bounty of the land and sea, fishing for smelt and hunting sea mammals from redwood canoes in summer, and moving inland to temporary camps to fish for salmon and gather acorns in autumn. They displayed prestige with wealth including obsidian knives, headdresses of red-headed woodpecker scalps and dentalium shell bead necklaces.

Important religious ceremonies of the Tolowa centered on the act of Genesis, or Creation, and were connected with honoring each season’s bounty. They gave offerings for each animal, fruit and herb they took. Both men and women served as shamans and cured the sick through various dances, spiritual trances, and magical concoctions. Burials involved wrapping the deceased in tule mats and surrounding them with shell beads and other important thisisnl.nl Tolowa thrived, with a population that exceeded 10, until the s, when the California Gold Rush reached the area.

The Tolowa population was soon decimated by massacres and disease. Eventually, as a part of a United States government effort, the remaining Tolowa were relocated to small reservations. As a result, the Tolowa lost most of their ancestral territory, and their culture and language almost disappeared. The Tolowa people then numbered less than

From the ashes of a decimated tribe, the Tolowa Dee-ni’ population today has risen to over 1, The efforts of tribal members have preserved the Tolowa language, religion, traditions, arts, and the very heart of their culture. Once again living on a fragment of their ancestral lands, the Tolowa are making vital economic, political, and cultural contributions to the region while working actively to continue ancient traditions and practices. Their history and spirit is honored through the many tribal traditions that are once again practiced today.